通假字
1.指通豫南 “指”通“直”，一直。
2.寒暑易节，始一反焉。“反”通“返”，往返。
3.甚矣，汝之不惠。“惠”通“慧”，聪明。
4.河曲智叟亡以应。“亡”通“无”，没有。
5.一厝雍南。“厝”通“措”，放置。
6.无陇断焉。“陇”通“垄”，高地。

倒装句
1.甚矣，汝之不惠。 倒装句。汝之不惠，甚矣【你太不聪明了】
2.且焉置土石？ 倒装句，疑问代词“焉”提前。
3.遂率子孙荷担者三夫 。倒装句，定语“三夫”后置。
4.告之于帝。倒装句。状语“于帝”前提。
5.何苦而不平？

被动句
1.帝感其诚。被动句。【天帝被他的诚心所感动。】

省略句
1.（太行、王屋二山）本在冀州之南，河阳之北。”——此句中省略主语“太行、王屋二山”。
2.遂率子孙荷担者三夫。 省略句，省略主语愚公。
3帝感其诚。省略句，省略介词“于”——帝感于其诚。
4.一厝(于)朔东，一厝（于）雍南。

英语翻译

　　Do difficult things by an old person

　　Taihang, Wong ( the ) two mountain, covering an area of seven hundred, seven thousand or eight thousand cubits high, originally on the south side of Jizhou, the Yellow River, north of the North shore. North of the foolish old man, nearly 90 years of age, facing the mountains to live. He suffers from the mountainous areas in the northern part of obstruction, in ( to ) bypass, called the family to discuss said:" I told you to dig the precipitous mountain, the road leads to the Yuzhou south, arrived at the South Bank of the Han River, can?" We have agreed. His wife put forward doubt to say:" with your strength, even his father the hill and plain, and can Taihang, Wangwu how these two mountain? Besides the earth where?" People have said:" throw it to the edge of the Bohai sea, north of the hidden soil." And the foolish old man led the children can Tiaodan three men went up into the mountain, to cut the stone for digging, basket-ji transported to the edge of the Bohai. Neighbor widow named the capital, an orphan, just seven or eight years old, bounce to help him. Summer and winter season, from a can. A bend in the river on the wise old man laughed at the foolish old man, to prevent him from doing this, said:" you're too smart! With your remaining years and the remaining strength, a blade of grass on the mountain can not move, and can the soil, stone how?" "Yugong heaved a long sigh said:" you thought stubborn, stubborn to the point can not be changed, even the orphans and widows are not. Even I dead, there son; son and grandson, grandson and son; son of another son, son and grandson generation after generation of descendants; inexhaustible, but mountains never increase increase, worry about what dug injustice?" Hequ is a wise old man nothing to answer. Yamagami heard about this matter, afraid of his endless digging down to the emperor of heaven, report. The foolish old man moved by the sincere, ordered Hercules boast e's two sons went back the two mountain, a place in the North East, a seat placed in the south of Yong Zhou. From then on, the south of Jizhou to the South Bank of the Han River, no mountains.